“In one sense, it refers to the look of things. ‘I like that design.’ The second more exact use of the word ‘design’ refers to the preparation of instructions for the production of manufactured goods. It might be tempting to separate the two meanings and deal with them independently, but this would be a great mistake, for the special quality of the word ‘design’ is that it conveys both senses, and their conjunction in a single word rightly expresses the fact that they are inseparable: The way things look is, in the broadest sense, a result of the condition of their making.”
Adrian Forty – Objects of Desire: Design and Society From Wedgewood to IBM

Subtractive manufacturing encompasses a range of precise machining and material removal procedures, initiating from solid blocks, bars, or rods of materials such as plastic or metal. The shaping is achieved by eliminating material through cutting, boring, drilling, and grinding. These procedures can be executed manually or, more frequently, through computer numerical control (CNC).